Introduction of Assembler - GeeksforGeeks Generating Output: Pass 2. Strings File Output Encoding STRINGS_FILE_OUTPUT_ENCODING Specify the encoding to be used for Strings files (by default, the output encoding will be 16-bit Unicode). 3. If you are invoking as via the GNU C compiler (version 2), you can use the `-Wa' option to pass arguments through to the assembler. Single-pass assembler: A single assembler pass is referred to as the complete scan of source program input to assembler or equivalent representation and translation by the statement on the basis of statement called a single pass assembler or one pass translation. This requires storing the entire input program, including comments, and so forth, which are not needed by the assembler during pass 2. 1. Steps involved in scanning of assembly language program and the output of pass 1 of two pass assembler. 2.linker . In the first pass, compiler can read the source program, scan it, extract the tokens and store the result in an output file. Write a program to implement II pass assembler. The string can contain any instructions recognized by the assembler, including directives. WALCHAND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, SOLAPUR PRESENTING A SEMINAR ON TWO PASS ASSEMBLERS 2. 2.1 Absolute program, starting address 1000 e.g. (2) One pass assembly scheme. In this example the subroutine does not return any output parameter to the calling program. In second pass, assembler creates _____in binary format for every instruction in program and then refers to the symbol table to giving every symbol an_____ relating the segment. 2 CHAPTER 2. -c. Compile and assemble. These examples are only for operating systems using the Linux kernel and an x86-64 processor, however. (1) Two pass assembly scheme. This pass is automatically run by the parser after parsing input assembly and by the optimizer before it outputs bitcode. Paul Allen’s additional macros for 6502 development made the MACRO-10 assembler output one 36 bit PDP-10 instruction word for every 6502 byte. -E. Stop after the preprocessing stage; do not run the compiler proper. STEP 2: Assemble the instructions and generate object program. There are 2 main methods: Pass 1: It creates 2 csv files for symbol table and section table respectively.Pass 2: It finalize the machine code for the given tables and code. Hope that helps! Implementation of TWO Pass assembler . The output of assignment-1 (intermediate file and symbol table) should be input for this assignment. 3. - Pass2.java Implement Pass-II of two pass assembler for pseudo-machine in Java using object oriented features. --assembly-region-out: null: Output the assembly region to this IGV formatted file--base-quality-score-threshold: 18: Base qualities below this threshold will be reduced to the minimum (6)--callable-depth: 10: Minimum depth to be considered callable for Mutect stats. components - data structures like Symbol table, Literal table and processed form of the ... What is the input and output of pass II of macro processor? It, along with trains, and Logistic robots, makes up the systems of item transportation in Factorio.. Belts specifically are used to transport items and run without using energy. Have a great day! The output of assignment-1 (intermediate file and symbol table) should be input for this assignment. Location Counter (LC). In multipass Compiler we divide phases in two pass as: First Pass: is refers as (a). You can pass options to the GNU assembler, to the A68k assembler, and to the GNU linker. a. that the data segment must be defined after the code segment. If the sender of the source quit, it could use this directive tells as to quit also. a. that the data segment must be defined after the code segment. You have to echo the input. Two-pass macro processor • You may design a two-pass macro processor o Pass 1: Process all macro definitions o Pass 2: Expand all macro invocation statements • However, one-pass may be enough Does not affect genotyping.--cloud-index-prefetch-buffer -CIPB-1 The LLVM infrastructure provides a verification pass that may be used to verify that an LLVM module is well formed. 1 to 3)1Design suitable Data structures and implement Pass-I and Pass-II of a two-pass assembler for pseudo-machine. Program Relocation Example Fig. The output of pass 1 of the assembler may be imagined as follows. Explain briefly the working of two-pass assembler. A single two pass assembler does which of the following in the first pass 1.It allicates space for the literals . The assembler instructions, defined in a single string literal: "mov %[result], %[value], ror #1" An optional list of output operands, separated by commas. (2) One pass assembly scheme. Two-pass assembler: Assemblers typically make two or more passes through a source program in order to resolve forward references in a program.A forward reference is defined as a type of instruction in the code segment that is referencing the label of an instruction, but the assembler has not yet … Word2Vec is an Estimator which takes sequences of words representing documents and trains a Word2VecModel.The model maps each word to a unique fixed-size vector. Platform independent Set the direction of the passed GPIO to output, such as gpiod_set_value() can be called safely on it. pass 1. output.dat ( output produced by pass one ) ** START 2000… pass 2 of a two pass assembler. Process pseudo-operations. The value of a binary number is based on the presence of 1 bits and their positional value. • The internal tables and subroutines that are used only during Pass 1. A two-pass assembler solves this dilemma by devoting one pass to exclusively resolve all (data/label) forward references and then generate object code with no hassles in the next pass. Sometimes Java can give the illusion of pass by reference. A Two pass/multi-pass Compiler is a type of compiler that processes the source code or abstract syntax tree of a program multiple times. In multipass Compiler we divide phases in two pass as: (a). Front end In pass 1, using mnemonic Opcode, MOT is consulted to update location Counter (LC). The output is saved in file *.so. • If the source code is modified,,p g Steps 2 through 4 must be repeated. [citation needed] It was the first computer to be sold for under $20,000, making it the best-selling computer in … The earliest PDP-8 model, informally known as a "Straight-8", was introduced on 22 March 1965 priced at $18,500 (equivalent to about $150,000 in 2020).It used diode–transistor logic packaged on flip chip cards in a machine about the size of a small household refrigerator. Program. we use dl to pass a parameter to the output subprogram. 4. Oral Questions. Answer (1 of 4): Good Morning, Here you go. The copy of the input macro source deck. Explain the need of two pass assembler. 2. 4) Replace macro call by model statements from MDT. Translated C files are compiled by the C compiler to assembler code. The vertex shader stage must always be active for the pipeline to execute. The assembly source program is fed to an 8051 assembler. 1) Machine Opcode Table (MOT) MOT is a fixed length table i.e. 5–16/18. Implement Pass-II of two pass assembler for pseudo-machine in Java using object oriented features. The driver determines file based on whether an -o option is given. Two pass Assembler 1. Answer: (d). 6-1). normally every assembler has two passes. An n-mer is a string of length n.Given an n-mer , we define prefix and suffix.. For the rest of the paper, we fix a positive integer k.For a set R eads of strings (thought of as the DNA sequencing reads over the alphabet {A, C, G, T}), let N be the number of k-mers that occur in strings in R eads as substrings. For example: gcc -c -g -O -Wa,-alh,-L file.c emits a listing to standard output with high-level and assembly source. Compile only. Two-pass assemblers. Assembly language uses a mnemonic to represent, e.g., each low-level machine instruction or opcode, each directive, typically also each architectural register, flag, etc.Some of the mnemonics may be built in and some user defined. In this example the subroutine does not return any output parameter to the calling program. Target Program Location Counter (LC) When producing COFF output, as accepts this directive as a synonym for `.abort'. asm (" movl %%eax, %0;": " =r" ( val ));In this example, the variable "val" is kept in a register, the value in register eax is copied onto that register, and the value of "val" is updated into the memory from this register.When the "r" constraint is specified, gcc may keep the variable in any of the available General Purpose Registers.We can also specify the register names … Input files that don’t require compilation are ignored. In a 2-pass assembler, the first pass constructs an intermediate representation of the. One day .abort will not be supported. (1) Two Pass Translator / Two Pass Assembler:- The two pass translator of an assembly language program can handle forward references easily. Pass by reference (also called pass by address) means that a copy of the address of the actual parameter is stored. Declare any global variables at the top of a file, before any function declarations. 6502/Microlab Assembler - David Jordan has written this very simple assembler for use with the EPE Microlab trainer board. The compiler replaces tokens in the template that refer to inputs, outputs, and goto labels, and then outputs the resulting string to the assembler. Assembly language syntax. Compiler Explorer is an interactive online compiler which shows the assembly output of compiled C++, Rust, Go (and many more) code. STEP 6: Stop the program execution. Do file 10. Section 2.1.1: The -o Option: Specifying the Output File Name Section 2.1.2: The -f Option: Specifying the Output File Format Section 2.1.3: The -l Option: Generating a Listing File 3. Answer: Question: What will be the output generated by Pass-1 and Pass-II for the two pass assembler for the following code in image? Many operations require one or more operands in order to form a complete instruction. 2. c code of pass two of two pass compiler. literal offsets this will It isolates the label, mnemonics and operand field of the system. When a symbol gets defined, output a text record for each forward reference of the symbol using the list. The difficult part is to resolve future label references and assemble code in one pass. The violations pointed out by the verifier pass indicate bugs in transformation passes or input to the parser. You are implementing two classical algorithms (Fig. The input to this program is an assembly language program (see the handout on SMC 68000) and the output should include a symbol table and the machine code version of the input. A copy of the input to be used later by pass 2. -m. Compile, assemble, and build a dynamically loadable module (i.e., a shared library). In pass 1, using mnemonic Opcode, MOT is consulted to update location Counter (LC). In this case we use the dl register, i.e. In case of two-pass assembler. 2.It computes the total length of the program . 3.2.1 Alternative Version of AddSub 60 3.2.2 Program Template 61 3.2.3 Section Review 61 3.3 Assembling, Linking, and Running Programs 62 3.3.1 The Assemble-Link-Execute Cycle 62 3.3.2 Section Review 64 3.4 Defining Data 64 3.4.1 Intrinsic … (1) Two Pass Translator / Two Pass Assembler:- The two pass translator of an assembly language program can handle forward references easily. In the second pass, compiler can read the output file produced by first pass, build the syntactic tree and perform the syntactical analysis. 0. The compiler converts the list of arguments to an array implicitly: 14. It takes the assembly source code and produces an assembly listing with offsets. N (1. Pass 1 scans the source for label definitions and assigns address (Loc). (It does not create machine code for registers defined within the … Multi pass compiler is used to process the source code of a program several times. Word2Vec. a. assembler b. interpreter c. compiler d. linker Answer: (a). assembling the source code by 2 pass assembler with 2 passes. By default, the assembler file name for a source file is made by replacing the suffix ‘.c’, ‘.i’, etc., with ‘.s’. The assembler arguments must be … Implementation should consist of a few instructions from each category and few assembler directives. Example: To be discussed in class using the program segment in Handout 5.2. Following are the Databases used in Pass 1 and Pass 2 Assembler. it also takes as input "symtab.dat" which is the SYMTAB produced by pass1. 5. Passing Options to the Assembler and Linker. Belts can also interact with other moving entities such as players, vehicles and enemies, also allowing for … • The SYMTAB, LITTAB, and OPTAB are used by both passes. Implementation should consist of a few instructions from each category and few assembler directives. (1) Two pass assembly scheme. In the IDE, you have to use the appropriate edit boxes in the project options.-Wa,option. The output of Pass-I (intermediate code file and symbol table) should be input for Pass … Two Pass Assembler Advantages: - It detects redefinitions Disadvantages: - It is a slower process as 2 passes take more time than 1 pass. But it would cause the assembler itself to barf, as it is not expecting the line numbers, and compiled bytes off tot he left of the assembly instructions. The assembling of source program to object code requires to accomplish following functions. In the second pass the assembler translate the source file (s) into binary machine code. Basically, the assembler goes through the program one line at a time, and generates machine code for that instruction. Which generates the following assembler output and relocations as seen by objdump: 0000000000000000 <.text>: 0: 00000097 auipc ra,0x0 0: R_RISCV_CALL func1 4: 000080e7 jalr ra # 0x0 8: 00000317 auipc t1,0x0 8: R_RISCV_CALL func2 c: 00030067 jr t1 # 0x8 10: 00000297 auipc t0,0x0 10: R_RISCV_CALL func3 14: 00028067 jr t0 # 0x10 It takes the output of the preprocessor, and the source code, and generates assembler source code. We define the de Bruijn graph DB(R eads, … Two Pass compiler or Multi Pass compiler: A Two pass/multi-pass Compiler is a type of compiler that processes the source code or abstract syntax tree of a program multiple times. STEP 4: Opcodes in ‘BYTE’ or ‘WORD’ is converted from constant to object code. An assembler is a translator, that translates an assembler program into a conventional machine language program. If it is, the driver uses its argument but with a suffix of .d, otherwise it takes the name of the input file, removes any directory components and suffix, and applies a .d suffix. Implement Pass-II of two pass assembler for pseudo-machine in Java using object oriented features. int value. To write a C program to implement pass two of two pass assembler. STEP 1: Start the program execution. STEP 2: Assemble the instructions and generate object program. field. STEP 4: Opcodes in ‘BYTE’ or ‘WORD’ is converted from constant to object code. An assembler template is a literal string containing assembler instructions. OUTPUT: Symbol Table: PRGAM2 0 1 R AC 2 1 A INDEX 3 1 A TOTAL 4 1 A DATABASE 13 1 A SETUP 6 1 R LOOP 12 4 R SAVE 64 4 R DATAAREA 76 1 R DATA1 76 4 R . Pass by value means that you are making a copy in memory of the actual parameter's value that is passed in. … Description. Pass I calculates the address for all symbols in the assembly source code. Use at least one address label in the program so it needs 2 passes for the assembly process. *; import java.io. b. on the number of strings/lifereacts. 2 pass assembler algorithm. 3.It builds the symbol table for the symbols and their values . Program to implement 2 Pass Assembler in Java */ import java.util. initial output value of the GPIO. b. on the number of strings/lifereacts. with a variable ploidy assumption. Manual. Solution: #include org 0x00 goto start I know this is an old Question for me I would create an interface and send it as an object where I can have my code more organized . While the tool calculates normal-lod assuming a diploid genotype, it calculates normal-artifact-lod with the same approach it uses for tumor-lod, i.e. Two Pass Assembler Pass 1 ¾Assign addresses (LOC) to all statements in the program ¾Save the values assigned to all labels for use in Pass 2 ¾Perform some processing of assembler directives Pass 2 ¾Assemble instructions ¾Generate data values defined by BYTE, WORD ¾Perform processing of assembler directives not done in Pass 1 If the assembler is mixing data and instructions in the same area of memory then translation of data must be done in pass 2. TWO PASS ASSEMBLER • Processing the source program into two passes. Front end (b). 2. Tags for pass one of a two pass assembler in C. c program for pass one of a two pass assembler; c program pass 1 of 2 pass assembler; creating an intermediate file for the pass 2 process for the 2 pass assembler This is a simple C++ code for 2 pass assembler. Pass 2 output: LA 15, 6(0, 15) SR 4, 4 L 13, 42(0, 15) SR 3, 3 L 2, 0(3, 13) AR 4, 2 A 2, 24(0, 13) ST 2, … Over-review of the Code. Compilation is the second pass. Since version 0.9.16, TinyCC integrates its own assembler. It works on many different architectures and supports several assembly language syntaxes. Pass 1 output contains Symbol,Mnemonic and Operand tables, intermediate code processing & construction. This may be stored in a secondary storage device, such as magnetic tape, disk, or drum, or the original source deck may be read by the assembler a second time for pass 2. 2 pass assember in c, 2 pass assembler program, two pass assembler in c, two pass assembler program Let us first consider the main program (Figure 2) and corresponding subroutine (suma_rp.s43, Figure 3) if we pass parameters through registers. A one pass assembler passes over the source file exactly once, in the same pass collecting the labels, resolving future references and doing the actual assembly. LA 01h 4 RX SR 02h 2 RR L 03h 4 RX AR 04h 2 RR A 05h 4 RX C 06h 4 RX BNE 07h 4 RX LR 08h 2 RR ST 09h 4 RX BR 15h 2 RR . c. on unconditional rump. assembler. The vertex-shader (VS) stage processes vertices from the input assembler, performing per-vertex operations such as transformations, skinning, morphing, and per-vertex lighting. a. Macro processor. Group A (Any Two Assignments from Sr. No. The use of such kind of intermediate files can eliminate unnecessary computations in the two-pass assembler but then it adds to the input-output burden of the system. Topics covered: How does 2 pass assembler work? Two-pass assemblers. If you are invoking as via the GNU C compiler (version 2), you can use the -Wa option to pass arguments through to the assembler. Pass – 2 Assembler: A two-pass assembler performs two sequential scans over the source code: Pass 1: symbols and literals are defined Pass 2: object program is generated Parsing: moving in program lines to pull out op-codes and operands Data Structures: -Location counter (LC): points to the next location where the code will be placed 3) Replacement of all formal parameters by actual parameters. Standard de Bruijn graphs. 2. Pass 1: - Each program block has its own LOCCTR - Every label in a program gets an address relative to the block they are in - SYMTAB says what block each symbol is located in Pass 2: - Assembler needs address for each symbol - Looks up address in SYMTAB and adds the location relative to the start of the block Design suitable data structures and implement pass-I of a two-pass macro-processor using OOP features in Java. This representation consists of two main. Then the assembler procedes to the next instruction. Each entry consists of a symbolic name enclosed in square brackets, followed by a constraint string, followed by a C expression enclosed in parentheses. An assembler is a translator, that translates an assembler program into a conventional machine language program. d. START, EQU. Many operations require one or more operands in order to form a complete instruction. proc testOpenArray (x: openArray [int]) = echo repr (x) testOpenArray ([1, 2, 3]) # array[] testOpenArray (@ [1, 2, 3]) # seq[] Varargs. Input: Copy Of Source Program Location Counter Output of Pass-I (Symbol Table, Literal Table, Pool Table, Intermediate Code ) Output: Target Code i.e. Two Pass Assembler Posted: March 8, 2015 in System Programming Compiler Construction Tags: Assemblers , IBM 360/370 Assembler , SPCC programs , Two pass Assembler , Two Pass Assembler program in java , Types of Assembler The default target is automatically quoted, as if it were given with -MQ.-MD-MD is equivalent to -M -MF file, except that -E is not implied. STEP 5: Write object program and assembly listing. machine independent optimization. 101. The macro name table (MNT), created in pass1. 2 pass assembler Design. A 2-pass assembler is a program that accepts an assembly language program as input and produces its machine language equivalent along with the information for the loader. Use an editor to type in a program “myfile.asm” (may use other extensions) 2. 3.2 Options Controlling the Kind of Output. The belt transport system is the first system the player will use to transport items from place to place. result. Do leave a comment if … Answer: (a). 5m Jun2008 . Passing parameters through registers is straightforward and efficient. Some rule must be used about usage (e.g., most previous definition). 16 Functions of Two Pass Assembler Pass 1 - define symbols (assign addresses) Assign addresses to all statements in the program Save the values assigned to all labels for use in Pass 2 Process some assembler directives Pass 2 - assemble instructions and generate object program Assemble instructions Generate data values defined by BYTE, WORD, etc. 2-Pass-Assembler. One Pass Algorithms -- Tuple at a Time Operations •The basic format of these algorithms is: Read blocks of R one at a time into an input buffer, perform an operation on each tuple, and move result to the output buffer or next step in query process. we make no entry in either of the passes. The macro definition table (MDT), created in pass1. taaccc *,t 18025.11 pass ac=12,2;af=3.03e-4,5.049e-5 Additional parameters that factor towards filtering are available in FilterMutectCalls . 3.loader . The input to the assembler is a source code written in assembly language (using mnemonics) and the output is the object code. Two pass Assembler 1. Pass 2 performs most of the … Answer: I don’t see the code so my answer is partical. Algorithm for pass 2 of macro processor:-. ( For hypothetical instruction set from Dhamdhere) a. Aim. Answer: (d). The output of assignment-1 (intermediate file and symbol table) should be input for this assignment. The output is saved in file *.s. TWO PASS ASSEMBLER • Processing the source program into two passes. This is a copy of the contents of the actual parameter. • The SYMTAB, LITTAB, and OPTAB are used by both passes. In a two pass assembler pseudo code,equ is to be evaluated during a. pass 1 b. pass 2 c. not evaluated by the assembler d. none of these Answer: (a). TinyCC Assembler is used to handle files with .S (C preprocessed assembler) and .s extensions. Command-Line Options This chapter describes command-line options available in all versions of the GNU assembler; see Machine Dependencies, for options specific to particular machine architectures.. Program to design and implement Pass 1 of 2 Pass Assembler > C and Assembly Program System programming and Compiler Construction 6.1 & Fig 6.2). Problem Statement: Design suitable data structures and implement pass-I of a two-pass assembler for pseudo- machine in Java using object … 16 Functions of Two Pass Assembler Pass 1 - define symbols (assign addresses) Assign addresses to all statements in the program Save the values assigned to all labels for use in Pass 2 Process some assembler directives Pass 2 - assemble instructions and generate object program Assemble instructions Generate data values defined by BYTE, WORD, etc. So, the value of a given binary number is −. Design suitable data structures and implement pass-I of a two-pass assembler for pseudo-machine in Java using object oriented feature. result. While designing stress should be given on How efficiently Mnemonic opcode table could be implemented so as … The Yasm Modular Assembler Project. Passing parameters through registers is straightforward and efficient. The primary effort in pass 2 is translating instructions into machine code. we make no entry in either of the passes. When targeting a real 6502 machine, the 6502 binary could be created by simply extracting one byte from every PDP-10 word. Yasm is a complete rewrite of the NASM assembler under the “new” BSD License (some portions are under other licenses, see COPYING for details).. Yasm currently supports the x86 and AMD64 instruction sets, accepts NASM and GAS assembler syntaxes, outputs binary, ELF32, ELF64, 32 and 64-bit Mach-O, RDOFF2, COFF, … Then the assembler procedes to the next instruction. 4.1.2 Macro Processor Algorithm and Data Structure: Design can be done as two-pass or a one-pass macro. To write a C program to implement pass two of two pass assembler. A two-pass assembler scans the entire symbolic program twice First pass : address table is generated for all address symbols with their binary equivalent value (see Fig. Here assembler divide these tasks in two passes: Pass-1: Define symbols and literals and remember them in symbol table and literal table respectively. f) If END: - Perform steps described in 2(a) and 2(c) - Write the assembly listing. Machine Equivalent Language. Explain what is meant by pass of an assembler. In this program you are to simulate a 2-pass assembler in C++. 1 1 1024 README 2 2 2059 xargstest.sh 2 3 93 cat 2 4 24256 echo 2 5 23080 forktest 2 6 13272 grep 2 7 27560 init 2 8 23816 kill 2 9 23024 ln 2 10 22880 ls 2 11 26448 mkdir 2 12 23176 rm 2 13 23160 sh 2 14 41976 stressfs 2 15 24016 usertests 2 16 148456 grind 2 17 38144 wc 2 18 25344 zombie 2 19 22408 console 3 20 0 .ABORT. The assembler output is stored in an object file. DSA Live For Working Professionals Get interview-centric live online classes on Data Structure and Algorithms from any geographical location to learn and master DSA concepts for enhancing your problem-solving & programming skills and to crack the interview of any product-based company – DSA Live For Working Professionals. TinyCC assembler supports a gas-like syntax (GNU assembler). WALCHAND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, SOLAPUR PRESENTING A SEMINAR ON TWO PASS ASSEMBLERS 2. This is done by storing the character’s ASCII code in a specific 8086 register. Which of the following system program foregoes the production of object code to generate absolute machine code and load it into the physical main storage location from which it will be executed immediately upon completion of the assembly ? The translator used by second generation languages is? C++ code for 2 Pass Assembler. 30. 13 2.1.1 A simple SIC Assembler A forward reference 10 1000 FIRST STL RETADR 141033 A reference to a label (RETADR) that is defined later in the program Most assemblers make two passes over the source program Most assemblers make two passes over source program. In a two pass assembler the task of pass two is. The output expanded source deck to be used as input to the assembler. 34. You can deactivate assembler support if you want a smaller TinyCC executable (the C compiler does not rely on the assembler). C program to implement pass two of two pass assembler implementation - Way2Techin < /a >.! On a single two pass assembler < /a > 6.47.2.2 assembler Template is a simple C++ code for pass. On it -L file.c emits a listing to standard output with high-level and assembly listing with offsets assembly and... Be called safely on it: assembly code and generating the object program Chapter 2 ASSEMBLERS - 國立中興大學 < >! Be active for the symbols used ( think “ variables ” ) have been identified gcc -c -g -O,... This case we use the appropriate edit boxes in the form of preprocessed source code and produces an listing... Parameter to the output of the forward references can be called safely on it output must be after!: write object program in the IDE, you have to use the dl register, i.e ( C assembler... Load X < a href= '' http: //osnet.cs.nchu.edu.tw/powpoint/MASM_SP_962/SystemSoftware/Chapter2.pdf '' > Pass-II of a binary number is − examples only! Assembler Advantages: - output of pass 2 assembler one-pass assembler computes the value of each expression it! Other things //godbolt.org/ '' > assembler output is stored in an object file by. Tiny C compiler reference Documentation < /a > 2 < /a > 2 < /a > Passing Options the! Supports several assembly Language Tutorial < /a > Compile only ( MNT ), created pass1. 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